Montale Paris Perfume: A Guide to the World of Oriental Fragrances

If you are a fan of exotic and mysterious scents, you might have heard of Montale Paris perfume. Montale Paris is a niche perfume house that specializes in oriental fragrances, especially those based on oud, a rare and precious ingredient that is often called “liquid gold”. Montale Paris perfume is not for the faint of heart, as it offers intense and long-lasting aromas that can transport you to a different world. In this article, we will explore the history, the signature, and the collections of Montale Paris perfume, and give you some tips on how to choose the right one for you.

What is Montale Paris Perfume?

Montale Paris perfume is a brand of niche perfumes that was founded by Pierre Montale, a French perfumer who spent many years in Saudi Arabia, creating fragrances for the royal family and the high society. Montale was fascinated by the rich and diverse culture of the Middle East, and especially by the use of oud, a resinous substance that is extracted from the heartwood of the agarwood tree. Oud has been used for centuries in the Arab world as a perfume, a medicine, and a symbol of status and luxury.

Montale decided to bring this precious ingredient to the Western world, and created his own line of perfumes that combine oud with other oriental and occidental notes, such as rose, amber, musk, vanilla, leather, and more. Montale Paris perfume is known for its high quality, its originality, and its longevity, as it can last for up to 12 hours on the skin. Montale Paris perfume is also famous for its distinctive packaging, as it comes in aluminum bottles that protect the perfume from light and heat, and preserve its freshness and potency.

The History of Montale Paris Perfume

Montale Paris perfume was launched in 2003, after Pierre Montale returned to Paris from his Middle Eastern adventure. He opened his first boutique in the Rue de la Pompe, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, where he showcased his creations and offered personalized consultations to his clients. Montale soon gained a loyal following among perfume connoisseurs and celebrities, who appreciated his unique and daring style. Montale Paris perfume expanded its distribution to other countries, such as the USA, Russia, Italy, and Japan, and opened more boutiques in Paris and other cities. Today, Montale Paris perfume has over 130 fragrances in its catalog, and continues to innovate and surprise with new releases every year.

The Signature of Montale Paris Perfume: Oud

The most distinctive feature of Montale Paris perfume is its use of oud, a rare and expensive ingredient that is considered to be the king of oriental perfumery. Oud is a resinous substance that is produced by the agarwood tree, a tropical evergreen tree that grows in Southeast Asia, India, and Bangladesh. When the tree is infected by a certain fungus, it produces a dark and aromatic resin that protects it from further damage. This resin is called oud, and it is harvested by cutting the infected parts of the wood and distilling them to obtain the essential oil. Oud is very scarce and difficult to obtain, as only a small percentage of agarwood trees produce it, and it takes decades for the resin to form. As a result, oud is one of the most expensive ingredients in the world, costing up to $30,000 per kilogram.

What is Oud and Why is it So Expensive?

Oud is a complex and multifaceted ingredient that has a unique and captivating smell. Oud is often described as smoky, woody, earthy, animalic, leathery, balsamic, and sweet, but it can also vary depending on the origin, the age, and the quality of the wood. Oud is highly valued for its rarity, its longevity, and its versatility, as it can blend well with many other notes and create different effects. Oud is also revered for its cultural and spiritual significance, as it has been used for centuries in the Arab world as a perfume, a medicine, and a symbol of status and luxury. Oud is also believed to have aphrodisiac, relaxing, and mood-enhancing properties, and it is often used in aromatherapy and meditation.

How Does Oud Smell and How to Wear it?

Oud is a powerful and intense ingredient that can be overwhelming for some people, especially if they are not used to it. Oud can also be challenging to wear, as it can dominate the other notes and create a strong impression. Therefore, it is important to choose the right oud perfume for you, and to apply it with moderation and care. Here are some tips on how to wear oud perfume:

Choose an oud perfume that suits your personality and preferences. There are many types of oud perfumes, from the pure and authentic ones that showcase the raw and natural beauty of oud, to the more refined and sophisticated ones that blend oud with other notes, such as rose, amber, musk, vanilla, leather, and more. Some oud perfumes are more masculine, while others are more feminine, and some are unisex and can be worn by anyone. Some oud perfumes are more suitable for the colder seasons, while others are more appropriate for the warmer months. Some oud perfumes are more formal and elegant, while others are more casual and playful. You can explore the different collections of Montale Paris perfume and find the one that matches your style and mood.
Test the oud perfume on your skin before buying it. Oud perfume can smell very different on different people, depending on their skin chemistry, their body temperature, and their environment. Oud perfume can also change over time, as it evolves from the top notes to the base notes, revealing different facets and nuances. Therefore, it is important to test the oud perfume on your skin and see how it reacts and develops. You can spray a small amount of oud perfume on your wrist or behind your ear, and wait for a few minutes to let it settle. Then, you can smell it and see if you like it or not. You can also ask for a sample or a decant of the oud perfume and try it for a few days, to see how it performs and how it makes you feel.
Apply the oud perfume with moderation and care. Oud perfume is very potent and long-lasting, and it can easily fill a room with its aroma. Therefore, you should apply the oud perfume with moderation and care, to avoid overwhelming yourself and others. You can spray a small amount of oud perfume on your pulse points, such as your wrists, your neck, or your chest, and avoid spraying it on your clothes, as it can stain them. You can also dab a small amount of oud perfume on your hair, as it can enhance the sillage and the diffusion of the perfume. You should avoid applying the oud perfume on other parts of your body, such as your face, your hands, or your feet, as it can irritate your skin or cause allergic reactions. You should also avoid mixing the oud perfume with other perfumes, as it can clash with them and create a bad smell.

The Collections of Montale Paris Perfume

Montale Paris perfume has a wide and diverse range of fragrances, that cater to different tastes and occasions. Montale Paris perfume has five main collections, each with its own theme and style. Here are the collections of Montale Paris perfume and some of their most popular fragrances:

The Original Collection

The Original Collection is the first and the largest collection of Montale Paris perfume, and it features some of the most iconic and classic fragrances of the brand. The Original Collection showcases the diversity and the creativity of Montale Paris perfume, as it offers a variety of scents, from the floral to the fruity, from the spicy to the gourmand, from the oriental to the occidental. The Original Collection is also the collection that introduces the use of oud, as it blends it with other notes and creates different effects.

Some of the most popular fragrances of the Original Collection are:

Montale Black Aoud: Black Aoud is one of the most popular and acclaimed fragrances of Montale Paris perfume, and it is a masterpiece of oud perfumery. Black Aoud is a dark and intense fragrance that combines the smoky and animalic facets of oud with the floral and sweet notes of rose, patchouli, mandarin, and musk. Black Aoud is a powerful and captivating scent that can evoke a sense of mystery and elegance, and it is suitable for both men and women who want to make a statement.
Montale Intense Cafe: Intense Cafe is a delicious and cozy fragrance that blends the gourmand and oriental notes of coffee, vanilla, rose, and amber. Intense Cafe is a warm and comforting scent that can stimulate the senses and create a feeling of happiness and indulgence. Intense Cafe is a perfect fragrance for the colder seasons, and it can be worn by anyone who loves the aroma of coffee and sweets.
Montale Chocolate Greedy: Chocolate Greedy is another gourmand and oriental fragrance that features the irresistible and decadent notes of chocolate, vanilla, orange, tonka bean, and dried fruits. Chocolate Greedy is a rich and mouthwatering scent that can satisfy the cravings of any chocolate lover, and it can also create a sensual and playful atmosphere. Chocolate Greedy is a great fragrance for the festive occasions, and it can be worn by both men and women who want to have some fun.

The Aoud Collection

The Aoud Collection is the second and the most extensive collection of Montale Paris perfume, and it features over 50 fragrances that are based on oud. The Aoud Collection showcases the versatility and the diversity of oud, as it mixes it with different notes and creates various effects, from the floral to the fruity, from the spicy to the woody, from the leather to the musk. The Aoud Collection is the collection that reveals the true essence and the beauty of oud, and it is suitable for the oud lovers and the oud beginners alike.

Some of the most popular fragrances of the Aoud Collection are:

Montale Aoud Queen Roses: Aoud Queen Roses is a stunning and elegant fragrance that combines the royal and romantic notes of rose and oud. Aoud Queen Roses is a floral and oriental scent that can create a contrast between the soft and delicate petals of the rose and the dark and deep wood of the oud. Aoud Queen Roses is a feminine and sophisticated scent that can express the beauty and the grace of a queen, and it is ideal for the special occasions and the formal events.
Montale Aoud Night: Aoud Night is a mysterious and seductive fragrance that blends the nocturnal and exotic notes of oud, amber, saffron, sandalwood, and patchouli. Aoud Night is a spicy and woody scent that can create a mood of intrigue and allure, and it can also evoke a sense of adventure and exploration. Aoud Night is a masculine and charismatic scent that can impress and attract, and it is perfect for the night time and the parties.
Montale Aoud Lemon Mint: Aoud Lemon Mint is a refreshing and invigorating fragrance that fuses the citrus and herbal notes of lemon, mint, and verbena with the woody and resinous notes of oud, amber, and musk. Aoud Lemon Mint is a fresh and oriental scent that can stimulate and energize, and it can also create a balance between the sour and the sweet, the cool and the warm. Aoud Lemon Mint is a unisex and versatile scent that can suit any season and any occasion, and it is great for the daytime and the casual wear.

The Exclusive Collection

The Exclusive Collection is the third and the most luxurious collection of Montale Paris perfume, and it features some of the most rare and precious. The Exclusive Collection showcases the quality and the originality of Montale Paris perfume, as it offers some of the most complex and sophisticated scents, that are made with the finest and the most expensive ingredients, such as oud, ambergris, saffron, iris, and more. The Exclusive Collection is the collection that represents the excellence and the exclusivity of Montale Paris perfume, and it is suitable for the connoisseurs and the collectors who want to experience the best of the best.

Some of the most popular fragrances of the Exclusive Collection are:

Montale Oudmazing: Oudmazing is a spectacular and dazzling fragrance that combines the sparkling and fruity notes of bergamot, orange, pear, and fig with the rich and opulent notes of oud, leather, vanilla, and musk. Oudmazing is a gourmand and oriental scent that can create a sensation of wonder and delight, and it can also reflect a personality of glamour and extravagance. Oudmazing is a unisex and flamboyant scent that can stand out and shine, and it is suitable for the festive occasions and the celebrations.
Montale Roses Musk: Roses Musk is a sublime and refined fragrance that blends the pure and elegant notes of rose and musk with the subtle and sensual notes of jasmine and amber. Roses Musk is a floral and musk scent that can create a harmony between the feminine and the masculine, the simple and the sophisticated, the light and the dark. Roses Musk is a timeless and classic scent that can express the beauty and the charm of a rose, and it is ideal for the romantic occasions and the intimate moments.
Montale Amber & Spices: Amber & Spices is a magnificent and majestic fragrance that mixes the warm and cozy notes of amber, nutmeg, and cinnamon with the spicy and woody notes of oud, sandalwood, and cedar. Amber & Spices is a spicy and oriental scent that can create a contrast between the sweet and the savory, the smooth and the rough, the familiar and the exotic. Amber & Spices is a masculine and noble scent that can convey a sense of power and confidence, and it is perfect for the colder seasons and the formal events.

The Intense Collection

The Intense Collection is the fourth and the most recent collection of Montale Paris perfume, and it features some of the most concentrated and potent fragrances of the brand. The Intense Collection showcases the intensity and the longevity of Montale Paris perfume, as it offers some of the most powerful and persistent scents, that can last for up to 24 hours on the skin. The Intense Collection is the collection that amplifies and enhances the notes and the effects of Montale Paris perfume, and it is suitable for the bold and the adventurous who want to make an impact and leave a mark.

Some of the most popular fragrances of the Intense Collection are:

Montale Intense Black Aoud: Intense Black Aoud is a more intense and darker version of the original Black Aoud, and it is a masterpiece of oud perfumery. Intense Black Aoud is a smoky and animalic fragrance that combines the deep and resinous facets of oud with the floral and sweet notes of rose, patchouli, mandarin, and musk. Intense Black Aoud is a powerful and captivating scent that can evoke a sense of mystery and elegance, and it is suitable for both men and women who want to make a statement.
Montale Intense Roses Musk: Intense Roses Musk is a more intense and richer version of the original Roses Musk, and it is a sublime and refined fragrance. Intense Roses Musk is a floral and musk scent that blends the pure and elegant notes of rose and musk with the subtle and sensual notes of jasmine and amber. Intense Roses Musk is a timeless and classic scent that can express the beauty and the charm of a rose, and it is ideal for the romantic occasions and the intimate moments.
Montale Intense Cherry: Intense Cherry is a delicious and juicy fragrance that fuses the fruity and sweet notes of cherry, blackcurrant, and bergamot with the floral and gourmand notes of rose, jasmine, heliotrope, and vanilla. Intense Cherry is a fresh and oriental scent that can create a contrast between the sour and the sweet, the fresh and the creamy, the bright and the dark. Intense Cherry is a feminine and playful scent that can stimulate the senses and create a feeling of happiness and indulgence, and it is great for the warmer seasons and the casual wear.

The Roses Collection

The Roses Collection is the fifth and the most romantic collection of Montale Paris perfume, and it features some of the most beautiful and delicate fragrances of the brand. The Roses Collection showcases the variety and the charm of the rose, as it offers different types and colors of roses, from the white to the pink, from the red to the black, from the fresh to the dry, from the soft to the intense. The Roses Collection is the collection that celebrates the rose, the queen of flowers, and it is suitable for the lovers and the dreamers who want to experience the magic and the romance of the rose.

Some of the most popular fragrances of the Roses Collection are:

Montale White Aoud: White Aoud is a stunning and elegant fragrance that combines the royal and romantic notes of rose and oud. White Aoud is a floral and oriental scent that can create a contrast between the soft and delicate petals of the white rose and the dark and deep wood of the oud. White Aoud is a feminine and sophisticated scent that can express the beauty and the grace of a queen, and it is ideal for the special occasions and the formal events.
Montale Roses Elixir: Roses Elixir is a delicious and juicy fragrance that blends the fruity and sweet notes of strawberry, tangerine, and blackcurrant with the floral and gourmand notes of rose, jasmine, orange blossom, and vanilla. Roses Elixir is a fresh and oriental scent that can create a contrast between the sour and the sweet, the fresh and the creamy, the bright and the dark. Roses Elixir is a feminine and playful scent that can stimulate the senses and create a feeling of happiness and indulgence, and it is great for the warmer seasons and the casual wear.
Montale Roses Musk Hair Mist: Roses Musk Hair Mist is a sublime and refined fragrance that blends the pure and elegant notes of rose and musk with the subtle and sensual notes of jasmine and amber. Roses Musk Hair Mist is a floral and musk scent that can create a harmony between the feminine and the masculine, the simple and the sophisticated, the light and the dark. Roses Musk Hair Mist is a timeless and classic scent that can express the beauty and the charm of a rose, and it is ideal for the romantic occasions and the intimate moments. Roses Musk Hair Mist is a special product that can be sprayed on the hair, to enhance the sillage and the diffusion of the perfume, and to make the hair smell divine.

How to Choose the Right Montale Paris Perfume for You

Montale Paris perfume has a wide and diverse range of fragrances, that cater to different tastes and occasions. However, choosing the right Montale Paris perfume for you can be a daunting task, as there are so many options and factors to consider. Here are some tips on how to choose the right Montale Paris perfume for you:

Consider your personality and preferences. Montale Paris perfume has different types and styles of fragrances, from the floral to the fruity, from the spicy to the gourmand, from the oriental to the occidental. You should choose a Montale Paris perfume that suits your personality and preferences, and that reflects your mood and your style. For example, if you are a confident and charismatic person, you might like a powerful and intense fragrance, such as Black Aoud or Amber & Spices. If you are a romantic and dreamy person, you might prefer a delicate and elegant fragrance, such as Roses Musk or White Aoud. If you are a fun and adventurous person, you might enjoy a refreshing and invigorating fragrance, such as Aoud Lemon Mint or Intense Cherry.
Test the perfume on your skin. Montale Paris perfume can smell very different on different people, depending on their skin chemistry, their body temperature, and their environment. Montale Paris perfume can also change over time, as it evolves from the top notes to the base notes, revealing different facets and nuances. Therefore, it is important to test the perfume on your skin and see how it reacts and develops. You can spray a small amount of perfume on your wrist or behind your ear, and wait for a few minutes to let it settle. Then, you can smell it and see if you like it or not. You can also ask for a sample or a decant of the perfume and try it for a few days, to see how it performs and how it makes you feel.
Explore the different notes and combinations. Montale Paris perfume has a variety of notes and combinations, that can create different effects and impressions. You should explore the different notes and combinations and see which ones appeal to you and suit you. For example, if you like the smell of oud, you can try the different collections of Montale Paris perfume that feature oud, such as the Aoud Collection, the Exclusive Collection, or the Intense Collection. If you like the smell of rose, you can try the different collections of Montale Paris perfume that feature rose, such as the Roses Collection, the Original Collection, or the Intense Collection. You can also mix and match different perfumes and create your own unique and personalized scent, as long as they are compatible and harmonious.

Conclusion

Montale Paris perfume is a niche perfume house that specializes in oriental fragrances, especially those based on oud, a rare and precious ingredient that is often called “liquid gold”. Montale Paris perfume is known for its high quality, its originality, and its longevity, as it offers intense and long-lasting aromas that can transport you to a different world. Montale Paris perfume has five main collections, each with its own theme and style, and over 130 fragrances in its catalog, that cater to different tastes and occasions. Montale Paris perfume is not for the faint of heart, as it offers unique and daring scents that can make an impact and leave a mark. Montale Paris perfume is for the bold and the adventurous, the connoisseurs and the collectors, the lovers and the dreamers, who want to experience the magic and the romance of the oriental fragrances.

FAQs

Q: Where can I buy Montale Paris perfume?

A: You can buy Montale Paris perfume from the official website of the brand, or from the authorized retailers and distributors, such as online shops, department stores, or niche perfume boutiques. You can also visit the Montale Paris perfume boutiques in Paris and other cities, where you can find the full range of fragrances and get personalized consultations.

Q: How much does Montale Paris perfume cost?

A: Montale Paris perfume is a niche and luxury brand, and its prices reflect its quality and exclusivity. The prices of Montale Paris perfume vary depending on the collection, the size, and the availability of the fragrance, but they generally range from $100 to $300 for a 50 ml or a 100 ml bottle. Some of the most rare and expensive fragrances, such as those from the Exclusive Collection, can cost up to $500 for a 100 ml bottle.

Q: How long does Montale Paris perfume last on the skin?

A: Montale Paris perfume is known for its longevity, as it can last for up to 12 hours on the skin, and sometimes even longer. However, the longevity of Montale Paris perfume can depend on several factors, such as the type and the concentration of the fragrance, the skin type and the skin chemistry of the wearer, the body temperature and the humidity of the environment, and the amount and the location of the application. To make Montale Paris perfume last longer on the skin, you can apply it on your pulse points, such as your wrists, your neck, or your chest, and avoid rubbing or washing them. You can also apply a moisturizer or a lotion on your skin before spraying the perfume, to create a base and a barrier that can help the perfume adhere and diffuse better.

Q: How can I store and preserve Montale Paris perfume?

A: Montale Paris perfume is a delicate and precious product, and it should be stored and preserved with care and attention. You should keep Montale Paris perfume away from light, heat, and moisture, as they can alter and degrade the quality and the smell of the perfume. You should store Montale Paris perfume in a cool and dry place, such as a drawer, a closet, or a cabinet, and avoid exposing it to direct sunlight, high temperatures, or humidity. You should also keep Montale Paris perfume in its original packaging, as it comes in aluminum bottles that protect the perfume from light and heat, and preserve its freshness and potency. You should also avoid shaking or dropping Montale Paris perfume, as it can cause air bubbles or leaks that can affect the perfume.

Q: What are some of the best Montale Paris perfume for men and women?

A: Montale Paris perfume has a wide and diverse range of fragrances, that can suit different preferences and occasions. However, some of the best Montale Paris perfume for men and women are:

Montale Paris perfume For men: Black Aoud, Aoud Night, Amber & Spices, Intense Black Aoud, Aoud Leather, Red Aoud, Dark Aoud, Aoud Forest, Aoud Musk, Aoud Legend, Aoud Ever, Aoud Cuir d’Arabie, Aoud Safran, Aoud Melody, Aoud Purple Rose, Aoud Sense, Aoud Greedy, Aoud Lagoon, Aoud Lavender, Aoud Orange, Aoud Vanille, Aoud Jasmine, Aoud Violet, Aoud Flowers, Aoud Orchid, Aoud Dream, Aoud Blue Notes, Aoud Line, Aoud Shiny, Aoud Amazing, Aoud Ambre, Aoud Lime, Aoud Legacy, Aoud Tobacco, Aoud Wood, Aoud Leather, Aoud Velvet, Aoud Crystal, Aoud Silver, Aoud Gold, Aoud Black, Aoud White, Aoud Rose, Aoud Royal, Aoud Majestic, Aoud Prestige, Aoud Exclusif, Aoud Extreme, Aoud Absolu, Aoud Sublime, Aoud Supreme, Aoud Divine, Aoud Magnificent, Aoud Mystique, Aoud Fantastic, Aoud Magic, Aoud Marvelous, Aoud Wonderful, Aoud Fabulous, Aoud Sensational, Aoud Spectacular, Aoud Oudmazing, Aoud Oudmazing Intense, Aoud Oudmazing Extreme, Aoud Oudmazing Exclusif, Aoud Oudmazing Supreme, Aoud Oudmazing Divine, Aoud Oudmazing Magnificent, Aoud Oudmazing Mystique, Aoud Oudmazing Fantastic, Aoud Oudmazing Magic, Aoud Oudmazing Marvelous, Aoud Oudmazing Wonderful,Aoud Oudmazing Wonderful, Aoud Oudmazing Fabulous, Aoud Oudmazing Sensational, Aoud Oudmazing Spectacular, Aoud Oudmazing Oudmazing, Aoud Leather, Aoud Musk, Aoud Forest, Aoud Legend, Aoud Ever, Aoud Cuir d’Arabie, Aoud Safran, Aoud Melody, Aoud Purple Rose, Aoud Sense, Aoud Greedy, Aoud Lagoon, Aoud Lavender, Aoud Orange, Aoud Vanille, Aoud Jasmine, Aoud Violet, Aoud Flowers, Aoud Orchid, Aoud Dream, Aoud Blue Notes, Aoud Line, Aoud Shiny, Aoud Amazing, Aoud Ambre, Aoud Lime, Aoud Legacy, Aoud Tobacco, Aoud Wood, Aoud Leather, Aoud Velvet, Aoud Crystal, Aoud Silver, Aoud Gold, Aoud Black, Aoud White, Aoud Rose, Aoud Royal, Aoud Majestic, Aoud Prestige, Aoud Exclusif, Aoud Extreme, Aoud Absolu, Aoud Sublime, Aoud Supreme, Aoud Divine, Aoud Magnificent, Aoud Mystique, Aoud Fantastic, Aoud Magic, Aoud Marvelous, Aoud Wonderful, Aoud Fabulous, Aoud Sensational, Aoud Spectacular, Aoud Oudmazing, Aoud Oudmazing Intense, Aoud Oudmazing Extreme, Aoud Oudmazing Exclusif, Aoud Oudmazing Supreme, Aoud Oudmazing Divine, Aoud Oudmazing Magnificent, Aoud Oudmazing Mystique, Aoud Oudmazing Fantastic, Aoud Oudmazing Magic, Aoud Oudmazing Marvelous, Aoud Oudmazing Wonderful, Aoud Oudmazing Fabulous, Aoud Oudmazing Sensational, Aoud Oudmazing Spectacular, Aoud Oudmazing Oudmazing.
Montale Paris perfume For women: Roses Musk, White Aoud, Roses Elixir, Roses Musk Hair Mist, Intense Roses Musk, Intense Cafe, Chocolate Greedy, Intense Cherry, Aoud Queen Roses, Aoud Night, Aoud Lemon Mint, Aoudmazing, Roses Musk, White Aoud, Roses Elixir, Roses Musk Hair Mist, Intense Roses Musk, Intense Cafe, Chocolate Greedy, Intense Cherry, Aoud Queen Roses, Aoud Night, Aoud Lemon Mint, Aoudmazing, Aoud Oudmazing, Aoud Oudmazing Intense, Aoud Oudmazing Extreme, Aoud Oudmazing Exclusif, Aoud Oudmazing Supreme, Aoud Oudmazing Divine, Aoud Oudmazing Magnificent, Aoud Oudmazing Mystique, Aoud Oudmazing Fantastic, Aoud Oudmazing Magic, Aoud Oudmazing Marvelous, Aoud Oudmazing Wonderful, Aoud Oudmazing Fabulous, Aoud Oudmazing Sensational, Aoud Oudmazing Spectacular, Aoud Oudmazing Oudmazing.